Dental sealant application is a straightforward and highly effective preventive measure used primarily to protect the chewing surfaces of the back teeth—molars and premolars—from decay. These teeth have deep grooves and pits where food particles and bacteria can easily accumulate, making them particularly susceptible to cavities. Dental sealants are thin, plastic coatings that cover these vulnerable areas, preventing decay-causing bacteria from settling in.
The Procedure
- Preparation: The application begins with a thorough cleaning of the teeth to be sealed. The dentist or dental hygienist uses a toothbrush or a rotating brush with a gritty toothpaste to remove any plaque, food particles, and surface stains. After cleaning, the teeth are rinsed and dried. This step is crucial because any residue left on the tooth surface can prevent the sealant from adhering properly.
- Isolation: To ensure the teeth stay dry, cotton rolls or other absorbent materials are placed around them. Sometimes, a rubber dam is used to isolate the teeth and keep the working area free from saliva.
- Etching: Once the teeth are dry, an etching gel, typically containing phosphoric acid, is applied to the enamel surface. This gel roughens the tooth surface microscopically, creating a better bonding surface for the sealant. The etching gel is left on for a short period, usually about 20 to 60 seconds, depending on the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Rinsing and Drying: After the etching process, the gel is thoroughly rinsed off with water, and the teeth are dried again. Proper drying is essential to ensure that no moisture interferes with the bonding process.
- Application of Sealant: The liquid sealant is carefully applied to the etched surfaces of the teeth. It flows into the grooves and pits, filling them completely. The dentist or hygienist may use a small brush or an applicator to spread the sealant evenly.
- Curing: Most sealants are light-cured, meaning they harden when exposed to a specific wavelength of light. A special curing light is used to shine on the sealant for about 20 to 30 seconds, causing it to harden and bond to the tooth surface. Some sealants are self-curing and harden on their own after a few minutes.
- Evaluation: After the sealant has hardened, the dentist checks to ensure that all grooves and pits are adequately covered and that the sealant has bonded well. They may also check the patient’s bite to ensure that the sealant does not interfere with normal chewing. If necessary, adjustments are made.
Benefits of Dental Sealants.
Dental sealants provide a physical barrier that protects enamel from plaque and acids, significantly reducing the risk of cavities. They are particularly beneficial for children and teenagers, whose newly erupted permanent teeth are most vulnerable to decay. However, adults can also benefit from sealants, especially if they are prone to cavities.
Maintenance and Longevity
Sealants can last several years, typically between five to ten years, depending on wear and oral hygiene habits. They should be checked regularly during dental visits and re-applied if they show signs of wear or chipping. Proper oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, along with routine dental check-ups, helps ensure the longevity and effectiveness of the sealants.
Conclusion
Dental sealant application is a simple, painless, and effective method to protect teeth from decay. By covering the deep grooves and pits of molars and premolars, sealants provide a barrier against plaque and bacteria, promoting long-term oral health. This preventive measure is especially advantageous for children and teenagers but is also beneficial for adults at risk of dental caries. Regular dental visits and proper oral hygiene are key to maintaining the effectiveness of dental sealants.